What type of hormones are primarily released by the adrenal cortex?

The hormones primarily released by the adrenal cortex are steroid hormones. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of several key steroid hormones, including corticosteroids such as cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones are derived from cholesterol and play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including regulating metabolism, immune response, and maintaining electrolyte balance.

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, allowing them to easily pass through cell membranes and interact with intracellular receptors. This characteristic enables them to directly influence gene expression and produce long-lasting effects in the target tissues.

Peptide hormones, on the other hand, are composed of amino acids and are typically produced by other glands, such as the pituitary gland. Amino acid derivatives are also not the primary products of the adrenal cortex; these are primarily associated with the functions of the thyroid and adrenal medulla. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers used by the nervous system and do not originate from the adrenal cortex.

Thus, the identification of steroid hormones as the primary type of hormones released by the adrenal cortex reflects the specific biochemical nature and roles of these hormones in the body.