Which of the following is a hormone that plays a role in inflammation?

PGE2, or prostaglandin E2, is a hormone that plays a significant role in the inflammatory response. It is a lipid compound derived from arachidonic acid, which is released from cell membranes during tissue injury. PGE2 is involved in several physiological processes, including the modulation of inflammation, pain, fever, and the regulation of other immune responses.

During an inflammatory response, PGE2 is produced at the site of injury or infection, contributing to the dilation of blood vessels and increasing blood flow. This results in the characteristic signs of inflammation, such as redness and swelling. Additionally, PGE2 sensitizes nerve endings, leading to the sensation of pain, which serves as a protective mechanism to prevent further injury.

The other choices do not align with the primary role of mediating inflammation in the same way. Histamine, while it does contribute to inflammatory processes, primarily functions in allergic reactions and increases vascular permeability. Serotonin is more associated with mood regulation and also has some roles in vascular function, rather than direct involvement in the inflammatory process. Insulin is primarily a metabolic hormone that regulates glucose levels, with no direct role in inflammation. Thus, PGE2 is correctly identified as the hormone closely associated with inflammatory responses